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  2. Tree diagram (probability theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_diagram_(probability...

    In probability theory, a tree diagram may be used to represent a probability space. A tree diagram may represent a series of independent events (such as a set of coin flips) or conditional probabilities (such as drawing cards from a deck, without replacing the cards). [1] Each node on the diagram represents an event and is associated with the ...

  3. NP-hardness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NP-hardness

    A simple example of an NP-hard problem is the subset sum problem. Informally, if H is NP-hard, then it is at least as difficult to solve as the problems in NP. However, the opposite direction is not true: some problems are undecidable, and therefore even more difficult to solve than all problems in NP, but they are probably not NP-hard (unless ...

  4. Tree diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_diagram

    Tree diagram (probability theory), a diagram to represent a probability space in probability theory; Decision tree, a decision support tool that uses a tree-like graph or model of decisions and their possible consequences; Event tree, inductive analytical diagram in which an event is analyzed using Boolean logic; Game tree, a tree diagram used ...

  5. List of NP-complete problems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NP-complete_problems

    Minimum k-spanning tree; Minor testing (checking whether an input graph contains an input graph as a minor); the same holds with topological minors; Steiner tree, or Minimum spanning tree for a subset of the vertices of a graph. [2] (The minimum spanning tree for an entire graph is solvable in polynomial time.)

  6. Monty Hall problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Hall_problem

    Following similar logic as the conditional probability with direct calculation he finds the probability of picking two urns with white balls to be ⁠ 1 / 3 ⁠. The earliest of several probability puzzles related to the Monty Hall problem is Bertrand's box paradox , posed by Joseph Bertrand in 1889 in his Calcul des probabilités . [ 65 ]

  7. Decision tree - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_tree

    The left tree is the decision tree we obtain from using information gain to split the nodes and the right tree is what we obtain from using the phi function to split the nodes. The resulting tree from using information gain to split the nodes. Now assume the classification results from both trees are given using a confusion matrix.

  8. Probability theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_theory

    Probability theory or probability calculus is the branch of mathematics concerned with probability. Although there are several different probability interpretations , probability theory treats the concept in a rigorous mathematical manner by expressing it through a set of axioms .

  9. Event tree analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event_tree_analysis

    Build the event tree diagram; Obtain event failure probabilities: If the failure probability can not be obtained use fault tree analysis to calculate it. Identify the outcome risk: Calculate the overall probability of the event paths and determine the risk. Evaluate the outcome risk: Evaluate the risk of each path and determine its acceptability.