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  2. Risk premium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk_premium

    The risk premium is equally important for a bank's assets with the risk premium on loans, defined as the loan interest charged to customers less the risk free government bond, needing to be sufficiently large to compensate the institution for the increased default risk associated with providing a loan. [11]

  3. Quality spread differential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_spread_differential

    A QSD is the difference between the default-risk premium differential on the fixed- rate debt and the default-risk premium differential on the floating-rate debt. In general, the former is greater than the latter.

  4. Probability of default - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_of_default

    The risk of default is derived by analyzing the obligor's capacity to repay the debt in accordance with contractual terms. PD is generally associated with financial characteristics such as inadequate cash flow to service debt, declining revenues or operating margins, high leverage, declining or marginal liquidity, and the inability to ...

  5. Internal ratings-based approach (credit risk) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_Ratings-Based...

    To calculate capital requirements for all banking exposures, there are three main elements Risk parameters - Probability of default (PD), Exposure at default (EAD), Loss Given Default (LGD), Maturity (M) Risk-weight functions - Functions provided as part of the Basel II regulatory framework, which maps the risk parameters above to risk-weighted ...

  6. Credit risk - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_risk

    Credit default risk – The risk of loss arising from a debtor being unlikely to pay its loan obligations in full or the debtor is more than 90 days past due on any material credit obligation; default risk may impact all credit-sensitive transactions, including loans, securities and derivatives.

  7. Credit valuation adjustment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_valuation_adjustment

    where is the maturity of the longest transaction in the portfolio, is the future value of one unit of the base currency invested today at the prevailing interest rate for maturity , is the loss given default, is the time of default, () is the exposure at time , and (,) is the risk neutral probability of counterparty default between times and .

  8. Exposure at default - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposure_at_default

    Exposure at default or (EAD) is a parameter used in the calculation of economic capital or regulatory capital under Basel II for a banking institution. It can be defined as the gross exposure under a facility upon default of an obligor. [1] [2] Outside of Basel II, the concept is sometimes known as Credit Exposure (CE). It represents the ...

  9. Expected loss - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected_loss

    Instead of 5% defaulting, say 10% default, largely due to the fact the LGD has catastrophically risen. To accommodate for that type of situation a much larger expected loss needs to be calculated. This is the subject to considerable research at the national and global levels as it has a large impact on the understanding and mitigation of ...