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Only those states are expanded next. The greater the beam width, the fewer states are pruned. With an infinite beam width, no states are pruned and beam search is identical to best-first search. [3] Conversely, a beam width of 1 corresponds to a hill-climbing algorithm. [3] The beam width bounds the memory required to perform the search.
Beam stack search [1] is a search algorithm that combines chronological backtracking (that is, depth-first search) with beam search and is similar to depth-first beam search. [2] Both search algorithms are anytime algorithms that find good but likely sub-optimal solutions quickly, like beam search, then backtrack and continue to find improved ...
In numerical mathematics, Beam and Warming scheme or Beam–Warming implicit scheme introduced in 1978 by Richard M. Beam and R. F. Warming, [1] [2] is a second order accurate implicit scheme, mainly used for solving non-linear hyperbolic equations. It is not used much nowadays.
Both spatial domain methods, and frequency (spectral) domain methods are available for the numerical solution of the discretized master equation. Upon discretization into a grid, (using various centralized difference, Crank–Nicolson method, FFT-BPM etc.) and field values rearranged in a causal fashion, the field evolution is computed through iteration, along the propagation direction.
Both the Applebaum and the Widrow algorithms are very similar, and converge toward an optimal solution. [4] However, these techniques have implementation drawbacks. In 1974, Reed demonstrated a technique known as Sample-Matrix Inversion (SMI). SMI determines the adaptive antenna array weights directly, unlike the algorithms of Applebaum and ...
In numerical analysis, the split-step (Fourier) method is a pseudo-spectral numerical method used to solve nonlinear partial differential equations like the nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
Several source codes are freely available. A brief video of particle swarms optimizing three benchmark functions. Simulation of PSO convergence in a two-dimensional space (Matlab). Applications of PSO. Liu, Yang (2009). "Automatic calibration of a rainfall–runoff model using a fast and elitist multi-objective particle swarm algorithm".
The laser interference method works with two wide planar laser beam fronts. Their interference results in regular, equidistant line patterns. Different pattern sizes can be obtained by changing the angle between these beams. The method allows for the exact and easy generation of very fine patterns with unlimited depth of field.