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Coagulation factor X (EC 3.4.21.6), or Stuart factor, is an enzyme of the coagulation cascade, encoded in humans by F10 gene. [5] It is a serine endopeptidase (protease group S1, PA clan ). Factor X is synthesized in the liver and requires vitamin K for its synthesis.
[1] Coagulation is highly conserved throughout biology. In all mammals, coagulation involves both cellular components (platelets) and proteinaceous components (coagulation or clotting factors). [2] [3] The pathway in humans has been the most extensively researched and is the best understood. [4]
In coagulation, the coagulation factor X can be activated into factor Xa in two ways: either extrinsically or intrinsically. The activating complexes are together called tenase. Tenase is a blend word of "ten" and the suffix "-ase", which means, that the complex activates its substrate (inactive factor X) by cleaving it. [1]
Factor XI (FXI) is produced by the liver and circulates as a homo-dimer in its inactive form. [9] The plasma half-life of FXI is approximately 52 hours. The zymogen factor is activated into factor XIa by factor XIIa (FXIIa), thrombin, and FXIa itself; due to its activation by FXIIa, FXI is a member of the "contact pathway" (which includes HMWK, prekallikrein, factor XII, factor XI, and factor IX).
Coagulation activation markers are biomarkers of net activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Examples include prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT), fibrinopeptide A (FpA), fibrin monomers (FMs), plasmin-α 2 -antiplasmin complex (PAP), activated protein C–protein C inhibitor (APC-PCI), and D ...
Prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), also written as prothrombin fragment 1.2 (F1.2), is a polypeptide fragment of prothrombin (factor II) generated by the in vivo cleavage of prothrombin into thrombin (factor IIa) by the enzyme prothrombinase (a complex of factor Xa and factor Va). [1] [2] [3] It is released from the N-terminus of prothrombin. [3 ...
Both factor X and factor V circulate in the blood as inactive precursors prior to activation by the coagulation cascade. The inactive zymogen factor X consists of two chains, a light chain (136 residues) and a heavy chain (306 residues).
Russellysin (EC 3.4.24.58, Russell's viper venom factor X activator, RVV-X, blood-coagulation factor X activating enzyme, metalloproteinase RVV-x, Vipera russelli proteinase, Russell's viper blood coagulation factor X activator, RVV-V) is an enzyme. [1] [2] [3] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction. Specifically activates ...