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The hole drilling method is a method for measuring residual stresses, [1] [2] in a material. Residual stress occurs in a material in the absence of external loads. Residual stress interacts with the applied loading on the material to affect the overall strength, fatigue, and corrosion performance of the material.
Blast hole several meters long, drilled in granite. Deep hole drilling is defined as drilling a hole of depth greater than ten times the diameter of the hole. [3] These types of holes require special equipment to maintain the straightness and tolerances. Other considerations are roundness and surface finish.
As the name suggests, drilling and blasting works as follows: A blast pattern is created; A number of holes are drilled into the rock, which are then partially filled with explosives. Stemming, inert material, is packed into the holes to direct the explosive force into the surrounding rock. [6] Detonating the explosive causes the rock to collapse.
[1] [2] A prototype of the drill was first released by NASA in April 2000, which weighed 1.5 lb. (.7 kg) and had the capacity to drill half-inch holes into granite using only 10 watts of power, [3] whereas the modern household half-inch drill requires 750 watts. [4]
A number of holes are then cut or drilled into the stone face along the scored line approximately 10 to 20 centimetres (3.9 to 7.9 in) apart. Plug and feather sets are inserted in the holes, with the "ears" of the feathers facing the direction of the desired split. The plugs are then struck with a hammer in sequence.
A star drill bit, similar in appearance and function to a hole punch or chisel, is used as a hand powered drill in conjunction with a hammer to drill into stone and masonry. A star drill bit's cutting edge consists of several blades joined at the center to form a star pattern.