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The Lotka–Volterra equations, also known as the Lotka–Volterra predator–prey model, are a pair of first-order nonlinear differential equations, frequently used to describe the dynamics of biological systems in which two species interact, one as a predator and the other as prey.
EcoSim is an individual-based predator-prey ecosystem simulation in which agents can evolve. It has been designed to investigate several broad ecological questions, as well as long-term evolutionary patterns and processes such as speciation and macroevolution.
Continuous dynamic systems can only be captured by a continuous simulation model, while discrete dynamic systems can be captured either in a more abstract manner by a continuous simulation model (like the Lotka-Volterra equations for modeling a predator-prey eco-system) or in a more realistic manner by a discrete event simulation model (in a ...
File: Computer simulation of a chaotic wake, preceded by a periodic travelling wave, in the invasion of prey by predators.gif
Huffaker was expanding upon Gause's experiments by further introducing heterogeneity. Gause's experiments had found that predator and prey populations would become extinct regardless of initial population size. However, Gause also concluded that a predator–prey community could be self-sustaining if there were refuges for the prey population.
Continuous simulation thereby simulates the system over time, given differential equations determining the rates of change of state variables. [16] Example of continuous system is the predator/prey model [17] or cart-pole balancing [18]
Wa-Tor is a population dynamics simulation devised by A. K. Dewdney [1] and presented in the December 1984 issue of Scientific American in a five-page article entitled "Computer Recreations: Sharks and fish wage an ecological war on the toroidal planet Wa-Tor".
A structural diagram of the open ocean plankton ecosystem model of Fasham, Ducklow & McKelvie (1990). [1]An ecosystem model is an abstract, usually mathematical, representation of an ecological system (ranging in scale from an individual population, to an ecological community, or even an entire biome), which is studied to better understand the real system.