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The evaluation of how effective a team is, is achieved with the aid of a variety of components derived from research and theories that help in creating a description of the multifaceted nature of team effectiveness. According to Hackman (1987), [11] team effectiveness can be defined in terms of three criteria:
The IPO model suggests that many factors influence a team's productivity and cohesiveness. It "provides a way to understand how teams perform, and how to maximize their performance". [1] The IPO model of teams is a systems theory, as it rests on the assumption that a team is more than one-to-one relationships
One approach to team leadership examines action-oriented environments, where effective functional leadership is required to achieve critical or reactive tasks by small teams deployed into the field. Some examples of action-oriented leadership include extinguishing a rural fire, locating a missing person, leading a team on an outdoor expedition ...
Team leaders utilize their expertise, their peers, influence, and/or creativeness to formulate an effective team. Scouller (2011) defined the purpose of a leader (including a team leader) as follows: "The purpose of a leader is to make sure there is leadership … to ensure that all four dimensions of leadership are [being addressed].”
Situational Leadership is the idea that effective leaders adapt their style to each situation. No one style is appropriate for all situations. Leaders may use a different style in each situation, even when working with the same team, followers or employees. Most models use two dimensions on which leaders can adapt their style:
Even the most high-performing teams will revert to earlier stages in certain circumstances. Many long-standing teams go through these cycles many times as they react to changing circumstances. For example, a change in leadership may cause the team to revert to storming as the new people challenge the existing norms and dynamics of the team.