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Vasco da Gama (/ ˌ v æ s k u d ə ˈ ɡ ɑː m ə,-ɡ æ m ə / VAS-koo də GA(H)M-ə; [1] [2] European Portuguese: [ˈvaʃku ðɐ ˈɣɐmɐ]; c. 1460s – 24 December 1524), was a Portuguese explorer and nobleman who was the first European to reach India by sea.
Maritime history dates back thousands of years. In ancient maritime history, [1] evidence of maritime trade between civilizations dates back at least two millennia. [2] The first prehistoric boats are presumed to have been dugout canoes which were developed independently by various Stone Age populations.
For King Henry, this was a prestigious match; for Henry V, it was an opportunity to restore his financial situation and fund an expedition to Italy, as he received a dowry of £6,666 from England and Normandy. [216] [nb 22] Raising this money proved challenging, and required the implementation of a special "aid", or tax, in England. [218]
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Map of the world produced in 1689 by Gerard van Schagen.. The history of navigation, or the history of seafaring, is the art of directing vessels upon the open sea through the establishment of its position and course by means of traditional practice, geometry, astronomy, or special instruments.
William Bradley (1757–1833) was a naval officer who sailed in the First Fleet on HMS Sirius as first lieutenant. [17] Bradley joined the navy in 1772, and served as a captain's servant, able seaman, midshipman, and master's mate, on H.M.S. Lenox, Aldborough, Mermaid, Rippon, Prothée, Phaeton and Ariadne. [17]
In December 1911, Louis did return to the Admiralty but as Second rather than First Sea Lord. As Second Sea Lord, Louis pushed through improvements in working conditions for the ratings, and created an Admiralty War Staff that would prepare the navy's plans in case of war. [74] He was promoted to full admiral on 13 July 1912. [75]
The route of Cook's first voyage Later state of map originally published 1748. Revised to show the discoveries of Cook's first voyage (1768-1771) and discoveries in Bering Strait. The first voyage of James Cook was a combined Royal Navy and Royal Society expedition to the south Pacific Ocean aboard HMS Endeavour, from 1768 to 1771.