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aP2 (adipocyte Protein 2) [5] is a carrier protein for fatty acids that is primarily expressed in adipocytes and macrophages. aP2 is also called fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4). Blocking this protein either through genetic engineering or drugs [6] has the possibility of treating heart disease and the metabolic syndrome. [7]
Measuring the amount of protein in the urine helps to distinguish between different causes of proteinuria. [151] [152] Urine protein electrophoresis, which identifies and measures the proportions of different types of protein in the urine, may be used to investigate the cause of proteinuria [151] and to detect Bence-Jones protein. [153]
Automatic analysis of urine test strips using automated urine test strip analysers is a well-established practice in modern-day urinalysis. They can measure calcium , blood, glucose, bilirubin, urobilinogen, ketones, leukocytes, creatinine , microalbumin , pH, ascorbic acid and protein.
The adipose differentiation related protein (ADRP) was first characterized as an mRNA molecule that express early in adipocyte differentiation. [8] The full length cDNA was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends method and sequence analysis results in a protein with 425 amino acids that is unique and similar sequences had not previously been reported.
Activating protein 2 (AP-2), a mammalian transcription factor Adipocyte protein 2 (aP2), a carrier protein for fatty acids AP2 adaptors (AP-2 complex), which aid clathrin mediated endocytosis
Urine protein/creatinine ratio is a widely used initial method to estimate daily protein excretion in urine. [1] [2] [3] Since the diagnosis and management of proteinuric renal diseases and the staging of chronic kidney disease depend on accurate identification and quantitation of proteinuria, [4] [1] the implementation of the 24-hour urine collection is the most accurate procedure in practice ...
The protein composition of podocytes and the slit diaphragm. Small molecules such as water, glucose, and ionic salts are able to pass through the filtration slits and form an ultrafiltrate in the tubular fluid, which is further processed by the nephron to produce urine. Podocytes are also involved in regulation of glomerular filtration rate ...
The value of urine for diagnostic purposes has been recognized since ancient times. Urine examination was practiced in Sumer and Babylonia as early as 4000 BC, and is described in ancient Greek and Sanskrit texts. [2] Contemporary urine testing uses a range of methods to investigate the physical and biochemical properties of the urine.