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The short wavelength boundary of the atmospheric IR window is set by absorption in the lowest frequency vibrational bands of water vapor. There is a strong band of ozone at 9.6 μm in the middle of the window which is why it acts as such a strong greenhouse gas. Water vapor has a continuum absorption due to collisional broadening of absorption ...
Atmospheric windows are useful for astronomy, remote sensing, telecommunications and other science and technology applications. In the study of the greenhouse effect, the term atmospheric window may be limited to mean the infrared window, which is the primary escape route for a fraction of the thermal radiation emitted near the surface.
The window is also notably less likely to be contaminated by infrared excess than other bands. [3] The band is useful for a range of infrared observations including the imaging of sunspots, spectroscopic investigation of late-type stars, and imaging planetary phenomena such as extraterrestrial vortices or volcanic activity in the solar system. [4]
ABI's "red" visible band 2 (λ = 0.64 μm) has the highest resolution among the 16 bands at 0.5 km (0.31 mi) per pixel. The other visible light and near-infrared bands have a resolution of 1 km (0.62 mi), while the infrared bands have a resolution of 2 km (1.2 mi) per pixel. [26]
The gaps between the bands define the infrared window in the Earth's atmosphere. [17] The infrared spectrum of liquid water is dominated by the intense absorption due to the fundamental O-H stretching vibrations. Because of the high intensity, very short path lengths, usually less than 50 μm, are needed to record the spectra of aqueous solutions.
In guided missile technology the 3–5 μm portion of this band is the atmospheric window in which the seekers of passive IR 'heat seeking' missiles are designed to work, homing on to the infrared signature of the target aircraft, typically the jet engine exhaust plume. This region is also known as thermal infrared.
Atmospheric windows in the infrared. The J band is the transmission window (1.1 to 1.4 μm) centred on 1.25 micrometres. (The gap between the J band and lower bands is too small to be visible at this scale; as a result they blend together and appear to comprise a single, contigous band.)
Atmospheric windows in the infrared. The L band is the transmission window centred on 3.5 micrometres. In infrared astronomy, the L band is an atmospheric transmission window centred on 3.5 micrometres (in the mid-infrared).