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Louis Pasteur ForMemRS (/ ˈ l uː i p æ ˈ s t ɜːr /, French: [lwi pastœʁ] ⓘ; 27 December 1822 – 28 September 1895) was a French chemist, pharmacist, and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization, the last of which was named after him.
Louis Pasteur was a French chemist who discovered chirality while studying crystals. This discovery became the basis for a new form of chemistry called stereochemistry. [49] [50] While Pasteur was studying paratartrate crystals in 1857, he discovered that his calcium paratartaric acid solutions were growing fungi. The left and right sides of ...
A representation by Robert Seymour of the cholera epidemic depicts the spread of the disease in the form of poisonous air.. The miasma theory was the predominant theory of disease transmission before the germ theory took hold towards the end of the 19th century; it is no longer accepted as a correct explanation for disease by the scientific community.
Louis Pasteur was a pioneer in chemistry, microbiology, immunology and vaccinology. pictore/DigitalVision Vectors via Getty ImagesSome of the greatest scientific discoveries haven’t resulted in ...
Martinus Beijerinck called the filtered, infectious substance a "virus" and this discovery is considered to be the beginning of virology. The subsequent discovery and partial characterization of bacteriophages by Frederick Twort and Félix d'Herelle further catalyzed the field, and by the early 20th century many viruses had been discovered.
One of the chemical processes that Pasteur studied was the fermentation of sugar into lactic acid, as occurs in the souring of milk. In an 1857 experiment, Pasteur was able to isolate microorganisms present in lactic acid ferment after the chemical process had taken place. [9] Pasteur then cultivated the microorganisms in a culture with his ...
In 1890, Louis Pasteur declared "tout virus est un microbe": "all infectious diseases are caused by microbes". In 1892, Dmitri Ivanovsky discovered that the cause of tobacco mosaic disease could pass through Chamberland's porcelain filter. Infected sap, passed through the filter, retained its infectious properties.
Amid anthrax vaccine's success, Pasteur introduced rabies vaccine (1885), the first human vaccine since Jenner's smallpox vaccine (1796). On 6 July 1885, the vaccine was tested on 9-year old Joseph Meister who had been bitten by a rabid dog but failed to develop rabies, and Pasteur was called a hero. [13] (Even without vaccination, not everyone ...