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Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a nerve compression syndrome associated with the collected signs and symptoms of compression of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel in the wrist. Carpal tunnel syndrome usually has no known cause, but there are environmental and medical risk factors associated with the condition. [1] [6] CTS can affect both wrists.
Restricting wrist motion eliminates the repetitive movement and tension overload in the carpal tunnel. This gives the tendon sheaths a chance to heal, reducing swelling, which then may decrease the pressure on the median nerve. [citation needed] Splints also aim to keep the wrist at a certain angle to decrease pressure within the carpal tunnel ...
The development of carpal tunnel syndrome was of particular interest for other idiopathic tardy nerve palsies. Carpal tunnel served as a model for how nerves could be squeezed by narrow anatomic compartments and soon other tunnel syndromes were conceptualized, such as cubital tunnel syndrome, and tarsal tunnel syndrome. [87] [88] [83]
Carpal tunnel surgery is usually considered after other treatment options have failed, Melamed says. Other, less invasive treatments, like splinting and steroid injections, are typically tried first.
In the human body, the carpal tunnel or carpal canal is a flattened body cavity on the flexor (palmar/volar) side of the wrist, bounded by the carpal bones and flexor retinaculum. It forms the passageway that transmits the median nerve and the tendons of the extrinsic flexor muscles of the hand from the forearm to the hand . [ 1 ]
Carpal tunnel syndrome presents in each individual to different extents. Measurements of nerve conduction velocity are critical to determining the degree of severity. [14] [15] These levels of severity are categorized as: [12] [13] Mild CTS: Prolonged sensory latencies, very slight decrease in conduction velocity. No suspected axonal degeneration.
Transverse section across the wrist and digits. (The median nerve is the yellow dot near the center. The carpal tunnel is not labeled, but the circular structure surrounding the median nerve is visible.) Phalen's maneuver is a diagnostic test for carpal tunnel syndrome [1] by an American orthopedist named George S. Phalen. [2]
However, it did not gain much traction at the time. 1933: first published carpal tunnel surgery for post-traumatic compression [58] 1946: first carpal tunnel surgery for idiopathic compression [59] [49] 1958: cubital tunnel surgery described [60] [50] 1962: tarsal tunnel surgery described [52] 1967: Janetta procedure for trigeminal neuralgia [61]