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The 42 centimetre kurze Marinekanone 14 L/12 (short naval cannon), or Minenwerfer-Gerät (M-Gerät), popularly known by the nickname Big Bertha, was a German siege howitzer built by Krupp AG in Essen, Germany and fielded by the Imperial German Army from 1914 to 1918.
They were the largest pieces of artillery used during the war by barrel length, and qualify under the (later) formal definition of large-calibre artillery. Also called the " Kaiser Wilhelm Geschütz " (" Kaiser Wilhelm Gun"), they were often confused with Big Bertha , the German howitzer used against Belgian forts in the Battle of Liège in ...
Big Bertha: Howitzer: 1910s German Empire: Krupp 12 made; used in combat; none survive 420 42 cm Gamma howitzer: Mortar 1910s German Empire / Nazi Germany: Krupp 10 made; used in combat; no known survivors 420 2B1 Oka: Self-propelled artillery: 1957 Soviet Union: KBM, Kirov Plant: 4 made; never used in combat; at least one survives 420 42 cm ...
The first round was test-fired from the commissioned gun barrel on 10 September 1941 from a makeshift gun carriage at Hillersleben. In November 1941, the barrel was taken to Rügenwalde, where eight further firing tests were carried out using the 7,100 kilogram armour-piercing (AP) shell out to a range of 37,210 metres (23.12 miles).
Krupp's K5 series were consistent in mounting a 21.5-metre-long (71 ft) gun barrel in a fixed mounting with only vertical elevation of the weapon. This gondola was then mounted on a pair of 12-wheel bogies designed to be operated on commercial and military rails built to German standards.
Adolf Gun, a Nazi German cross-channel firing gun. The formal definition of large-calibre artillery used by the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms (UNROCA) is "guns, howitzers, artillery pieces, combining the characteristics of a gun, howitzer, mortar, or rocket, capable of engaging surface targets by delivering primarily indirect fire, with a calibre of 76.2 mm (3.00 in) and above". [1]
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The howitzer (/ ˈ h aʊ. ɪ t s ər /) is an artillery weapon that falls between a cannon (or field gun) and a mortar.It is capable of both low angle fire like a field gun and high angle fire like a mortar, given the distinction between low and high angle fire breaks at 45 degrees or 1600 mils (NATO).