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Actinomycetoma is a chronic bacterial subcutaneous infection caused by Actinomyces that affect the skin and connective tissue. [1] It is, therefore, a form of actinomycosis . [ 2 ] Mycetoma is a broad term which includes actinomycetoma and eumycetoma under it.
Actinomyces species may form endospores, and while individual bacteria are rod-shaped, Actinomyces colonies form fungus-like branched networks of hyphae. [3] The aspect of these colonies initially led to the incorrect assumption that the organism was a fungus and to the name Actinomyces, "ray fungus" (from Greek actis, ray or beam, and mykes ...
Actinomyces bovis is a branching, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Actinomyces. [1] It is the causative agent of lumpy jaw in cattle, and occasionally causes actinomycosis infections in humans. [ 3 ]
The Actinomycetaceae (often called actinomycetes or mycelial bacteria) are a family of bacteria in the order Actinomycetales that contains the medically important genus Actinomyces. These organisms are closely related to the mycobacteria, but were originally classified as fungi because they were thought to be transitional forms between bacteria ...
Actinomycetota, especially Streptomyces spp., are recognized as the producers of many bioactive metabolites that are useful to humans in medicine, such as antibacterials, [18] antifungals, [19] antivirals, antithrombotics, immunomodifiers, antitumor drugs, and enzyme inhibitors; and in agriculture, including insecticides, herbicides, fungicides ...
Actinomycetales can be found mostly in soil and decaying organic matter, as well as in living organisms such as humans and animals. They form symbiotic nitrogen fixing associations with over 200 species of plants, and can also serve as growth promoting or biocontrol agents, or cause disease in some species of plants.
Additionally, Actinomyces have been identified as important members of the human microbiome, residing in various sites such as the oral cavity (mouth, pharynx, esophagus) and gastrointestinal tract. [9] While some Actinomyces species are commensal, others can cause opportunistic infections in humans, commonly Actinomycosis. [9]
Cutaneous actinomycosis is a chronic disease that affects the deep subcutaneous tissue of the skin. Caused by an anaerobic, Gram-positive, filamentous type of bacteria in the genus Actinomyces, [1]: 270 invasion of the soft tissue leads to the formation of abnormal channels leading to the skin surface (external sinus tracts) that discharge pale yellow sulfur granules.