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This algorithm can easily be adapted to compute the variance of a finite population: simply divide by n instead of n − 1 on the last line.. Because SumSq and (Sum×Sum)/n can be very similar numbers, cancellation can lead to the precision of the result to be much less than the inherent precision of the floating-point arithmetic used to perform the computation.
Examples of support of implementation of estimation approach Analogy-based estimation Formal estimation model ANGEL, Weighted Micro Function Points: WBS-based (bottom up) estimation Expert estimation Project management software, company specific activity templates Parametric models Formal estimation model
According to the PMBOK (7th edition) by the Project Management Institute (PMI), Cost variance (CV) is a "The amount of budget deficit or surplus at a given point in time, expressed as the difference between the earned value and the actual cost." [19] Cost variance compares the estimated cost of a deliverable with the actual cost. [20]
To create a BOE companies, throughout the past few decades, have used spreadsheet programs and skilled cost analysts to enter thousands of lines of data and create complex algorithms to calculate the costs. These positions require a high level of skill to ensure accuracy and knowledge of using these basic level programs.
Normally, however, only a subset is available, and the variance calculated from this is called the sample variance. The variance calculated from a sample is considered an estimate of the full population variance. There are multiple ways to calculate an estimate of the population variance, as discussed in the section below.
In project management, trend analysis is a mathematical technique that uses historical results to predict future outcome. This is achieved by tracking variances in cost and schedule performance. In this context, it is a project management quality control tool. [4] [5]
In statistics, the variance function is a smooth function that depicts the variance of a random quantity as a function of its mean.The variance function is a measure of heteroscedasticity and plays a large role in many settings of statistical modelling.
Unistat – general statistics package that can also work as Excel add-in; WarpPLS – statistics package used in structural equation modeling; Wolfram Language [6] – the computer language that evolved from the program Mathematica. It has similar statistical capabilities as Mathematica.