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Trinomial expansion. In mathematics, a trinomial expansion is the expansion of a power of a sum of three terms into monomials. The expansion is given by. where n is a nonnegative integer and the sum is taken over all combinations of nonnegative indices i, j, and k such that i + j + k = n. [1] The trinomial coefficients are given by.
Pascal's pyramid is the three-dimensional analog of the two-dimensional Pascal's triangle, which contains the binomial numbers and relates to the binomial expansion and the binomial distribution. The binomial and trinomial numbers, coefficients, expansions, and distributions are subsets of the multinomial constructs with the same names.
Vieta's formulas relate the polynomial coefficients to signed sums of products of the roots r1, r2, ..., rn as follows: Vieta's formulas can equivalently be written as for k = 1, 2, ..., n (the indices ik are sorted in increasing order to ensure each product of k roots is used exactly once). The left-hand sides of Vieta's formulas are the ...
For instance, the polynomial x 2 + 3x + 2 is an example of this type of trinomial with n = 1. The solution a 1 = −2 and a 2 = −1 of the above system gives the trinomial factorization: x 2 + 3x + 2 = (x + a 1)(x + a 2) = (x + 2)(x + 1). The same result can be provided by Ruffini's rule, but with a more complex and time-consuming process.
For any positive integer m and any non-negative integer n, the multinomial theorem describes how a sum with m terms expands when raised to the n th power: where is a multinomial coefficient. This can be proved by the slider method. The sum is taken over all combinations of nonnegative integer indices k1 through km such that the sum of all ki is n.
The trinomial triangle is a variation of Pascal's triangle. The difference between the two is that an entry in the trinomial triangle is the sum of the three (rather than the two in Pascal's triangle) entries above it: The -th entry of the -th row is denoted by. Rows are counted starting from 0. The entries of the -th row are indexed starting ...
Completing the square is used in. solving quadratic equations, deriving the quadratic formula, graphing quadratic functions, evaluating integrals in calculus, such as Gaussian integrals with a linear term in the exponent, [1] finding Laplace transforms. [2][3] In mathematics, completing the square is often applied in any computation involving ...
Abel–Ruffini theorem. In mathematics, the Abel–Ruffini theorem (also known as Abel's impossibility theorem) states that there is no solution in radicals to general polynomial equations of degree five or higher with arbitrary coefficients. Here, general means that the coefficients of the equation are viewed and manipulated as indeterminates.