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The Encrypting File System (EFS) on Microsoft Windows is a feature introduced in version 3.0 of NTFS [ 1 ] that provides filesystem-level encryption. The technology enables files to be transparently encrypted to protect confidential data from attackers with physical access to the computer. EFS is available in all versions of Windows except the ...
VeraCrypt. VeraCrypt is a free and open-source utility for on-the-fly encryption (OTFE). [5] The software can create a virtual encrypted disk that works just like a regular disk but within a file. It can also encrypt a partition [6] or (in Windows) the entire storage device with pre-boot authentication.
Ransomware is a type of malware that permanently blocks access to the victim's personal data unless a "ransom" is paid. While some simple ransomware may lock the system without damaging any files, more advanced malware uses a technique called cryptoviral extortion. It encrypts the victim's files, making them inaccessible, and demands a ransom ...
BitLocker is a logical volume encryption system. (A volume spans part of a hard disk drive, the whole drive or more than one drive.) When enabled, TPM and BitLocker can ensure the integrity of the trusted boot path (e.g. BIOS and boot sector), in order to prevent most offline physical attacks and boot sector malware.
A password to encrypt a document restricts opening and viewing it. This is possible in all Microsoft Office applications. Since Office 2007, they are hard to break if a sufficiently complex password was chosen. [citation needed] If the password can be determined through social engineering, the underlying cipher is not important.
Through the use of modern encryption algorithms and various encryption techniques these programs make the data virtually impossible to read without the designated key. File level encryption encrypts only the file contents. This leaves important information such as file name, size and timestamps unencrypted.
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