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Emergency childbirth is the precipitous birth of an infant in an unexpected setting. In planned childbirth, mothers choose the location and obstetric team ahead of time. Options range from delivering at home, at a hospital, a medical facility or a birthing center. Sometimes, birth can occur on the way to these facilities, without a healthcare team.
A 2012 Cochrane review compared traditional hospital births with alternative, home-like settings in or near conventional hospital labor wards. In comparison with traditional hospital wards, home-like settings had a trend towards an increase in spontaneous vaginal birth, continued breastfeeding at six to eight weeks, and a positive view of care. [5]
For births that occur in hospitals the WHO recommends a hospital stay of at least 24 hours following an uncomplicated vaginal delivery and 96 hours for a Cesarean section. Looking at length of stay (in 2016) for an uncomplicated delivery around the world shows an average of less than 1 day in Egypt to 6 days in (pre-war) Ukraine.
A children's hospital (CH) [2] is a hospital that offers its services exclusively to infants, children, adolescents, and young adults from birth up to until age 18, and through age 21 and older in the United States. [3] In certain special cases, they may also treat adults.
This figure affirmed that the US is the most dangerous rich country to live in during pregnancy or childbirth. The figures put the maternal mortality rate at 32.9 deaths per 100,000 live births – or about one death per 3,000 births. The World Health Organization has announced this rate at 11 in high-income countries in 2017. [93]
Home birth specifically, even when attended with a midwife, is associated with risks that are not present in hospital births. A United States study of over 13 million births from 2006 to 2009 found that infants born at home have a fourfold higher chance of death in the first 28 days of life compared to infants born at a hospital, and a ...
The Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI), also known as Baby Friendly Initiative (BFI), is a worldwide programme of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (), launched in 1992 in India [1] [2] following the adoption of the Innocenti Declaration on breastfeeding promotion in 1990. [3]
For hospital births physicians are now regarded as the desired medical providers for childbirth. [8] The trend towards profitable interventions has further amplified the role of physicians in childbirth settings with zhuchanshi often acting an assistants to obstetricians or facilitating uncomplicated vaginal deliveries. [ 20 ]