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In ancient Roman religion and law, the sacramentum was an oath or vow that rendered the swearer sacer, "given to the gods," in the negative sense if he violated it. [1] Sacramentum also referred to a thing that was pledged as a sacred bond , and consequently forfeit if the oath were violated. [ 2 ]
During the Roman Republic, and the subsequent Principate, it was regarded as the second highest military decoration a citizen could aspire to (the Grass Crown being held in higher regard) and was rewarded for saving the lives of fellow Roman citizens (cives) or for standing one's ground in war.
Sacramentum is a Latin word meaning "oath" and later "sacrament," and may refer to : Sacramentum (oath), a Roman oath; Sacramentum caritatis, a post-synodal apostolic exhortation published in 2007; Sacramentum Poenitentiae, an apostolic constitution published by Pope Benedict XIV in 1741
Juror's oath, an oath taken by jurors at the beginning of jury selection or trial; Pauper's oath, a sworn statement or oath by a person that he or she is completely without any money or property. Military oath, delivered on enlistment into the military service of the state military. Decisory oath, an oath that conclusively resolves a factual ...
In medieval Europe, the swearing of fealty took the form of an oath made by a vassal, or subordinate, to his lord. "Fealty" also referred to the duties incumbent upon a vassal that were owed to the lord, which consisted of service and aid. [1] One part of the oath of fealty included swearing to always remain faithful to the lord.
[74] In Roman art, the covered head is a symbol of pietas and the individual's status as a pontifex, augur or other priest. [75] It has been argued that the Roman expression of piety capite velato influenced Paul's prohibition against Christian men praying with covered heads: "Any man who prays or prophesies with his head covered dishonors his ...
Under Roman law, this was established through sacred law (lex sacrata), which had religious connotations. Festus explained that: “Sacred laws are laws which have the sanction that anyone who broke them becomes accursed to one of the gods, together with his family and property”. [ 1 ]
Sancus was the god who protected oaths of marriage, hospitality, law, commerce, and particularly formal contracts.Some of the oaths said at the moment of signing a contract – or other important civil promissory acts – named Sancus as guarantor, and called on him to protect and guard over the honour and integrity of the signatories' pledges.