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  2. List of cryptographers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cryptographers

    The list of ciphers in this work included both substitution and transposition, and for the first time, a cipher with multiple substitutions for each plaintext letter. Charles Babbage , UK, 19th century mathematician who, about the time of the Crimean War , secretly developed an effective attack against polyalphabetic substitution ciphers.

  3. Merkle–Hellman knapsack cryptosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle–Hellman_knapsack...

    However, if is superincreasing, meaning that each element of the set is greater than the sum of all the numbers in the set lesser than it, the problem is "easy" and solvable in polynomial time with a simple greedy algorithm. In Merkle–Hellman, decrypting a message requires solving an apparently "hard" knapsack problem.

  4. KL-7 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KL-7

    The TSEC/KL-7, also known as Adonis [1] was an off-line non-reciprocal rotor encryption machine. [3]: p.33ff [4] The KL-7 had rotors to encrypt the text, most of which moved in a complex pattern, controlled by notched rings.

  5. History of cryptography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cryptography

    Hashing is a one-way operation that is used to transform data into the compressed message digest. Additionally, the integrity of the message can be measured with hashing. Conversely, encryption is a two-way operation that is used to transform plaintext into cipher-text and then vice versa. In encryption, the confidentiality of a message is ...

  6. Goldwasser–Micali cryptosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldwasser–Micali...

    The Goldwasser–Micali (GM) cryptosystem is an asymmetric key encryption algorithm developed by Shafi Goldwasser and Silvio Micali in 1982. GM has the distinction of being the first probabilistic public-key encryption scheme which is provably secure under standard cryptographic assumptions. However, it is not an efficient cryptosystem, as ...

  7. 14 Best Free Cloud Storage Options - AOL

    www.aol.com/14-best-free-cloud-storage-234545340...

    IDrive syncs your files and data across all devices that are linked to the service. Mega. Mega offers 20GB of free storage with end-to-end encryption for security. The service allows you to share ...