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Alkylbenzene isomers can be differentiated by observing the position of alkyl substituents on the benzene ring using chemical ionization-proton exchange mass spectrometry. Conventional GC-MS yields limited results because the isomers have identical molecular weight and substituents.
In the petroleum refining and petrochemical industries, the initialism BTX refers to mixtures of benzene, toluene, and the three xylene isomers, all of which are aromatic hydrocarbons. The xylene isomers are distinguished by the designations ortho – (or o –), meta – (or m –), and para – (or p –) as indicated in the adjacent diagram.
1,4-Dicyanobenzene is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 4 (CN) 2.Two other isomers exist, phthalonitrile and isophthalonitrile.All three isomers are produced commercially by ammoxidation of the corresponding xylene isomers.
Benzene is a natural constituent of petroleum and is one of the elementary petrochemicals. Due to the cyclic continuous pi bonds between the carbon atoms, benzene is classed as an aromatic hydrocarbon. Benzene is a colorless and highly flammable liquid with a sweet smell, and is partially responsible for the aroma of gasoline.
The C 3-benzenes are a class of organic aromatic compounds which contain a benzene ring and three other carbon atoms. For the hydrocarbons with no further unsaturation, there are four isomers. The chemical formula for all the saturated isomers is C 9 H 12 .
An alkyne trimerisation is a [2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction in which three alkyne units (C≡C) react to form a benzene ring. The reaction requires a metal catalyst.The process is of historic interest as well as being applicable to organic synthesis. [1]
*** Benzene is a carcinogen (cancer-causing agent). *** Very flammable. The pure material, and any solutions containing it, constitute a fire risk. Safe handling: Benzene should NOT be used at all unless no safer alternatives are available. If benzene must be used in an experiment, it should be handled at all stages in a fume cupboard.
Diethylbenzenes arise as side-products of the alkylation of benzene with ethylene, which can be described as two steps. The first step is the industrial route to ethylbenzene, which is produced on a large scale as a precursor to styrene. C 6 H 6 + C 2 H 4 → C 6 H 5 C 2 H 5. The diethylbenzene is an inadvertent side product. C 6 H 5 C 2 H 5 ...