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Its effects, depending on dosage, include an increase in sodium excretion by the kidneys, an increase in urine output, an increase in heart rate, and an increase in blood pressure. [13] At low doses it acts through the sympathetic nervous system to increase heart muscle contraction force and heart rate, thereby increasing cardiac output and ...
Amfonelic acid has been shown to be neuroprotective against methamphetamine damage to dopamine neurons. [10] It also increases the effects of the antipsychotic drugs haloperidol, trifluoperazine and spiperone. [11] Rats are shown to self-administer amfonelic acid in a dose-dependent manner. [12]
The second important effect of dopamine is ... Its effects, depending on dosage, ... have shown that the amount of dopamine release is dependent on the strength ...
It has been stated that dopamine is behaviorally inactive due to its rapid peripheral metabolism and inability to cross the blood–brain barrier. [9] When dopamine or N-methyldopamine were injected directly into the nucleus accumbens of mice, however, doses of 12.5-50 μg produced marked hyperactivity, with the latter being somewhat more ...
Levetiracetam, an antiepileptic drug which has been demonstrated to reduce the severity of levodopa-induced dyskinesias, has been shown to dose-dependently decrease the induction of dorsal striatal ΔFosB expression in rats when co-administered with levodopa. Although the signal transduction mechanism involved in this effect is unknown. [12]
The effect that apomorphine has on the dopamine receptors can also be linked to the similarities between its structure and dopamine. [38] It is a chiral molecule and thus can be acquired in both the R and S form, the R form is the one that is used in therapy.
Recent research has found that high-dose prescription amphetamines, often used to treat ADHD, are linked to a seriously heightened risk of psychosis. ... such as dopamine, which are also related ...
Also, any endogenous or exogenous chemical substance that acts to affect dopamine receptors or dopamine release through indirect actions (for example, on neurons that synapse onto neurons that release dopamine or express dopamine receptors) can also be said to have dopaminergic effects, two prominent examples being opioids, which enhance ...