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The axis of cell division is determined by the orientation of the spindle apparatus. Cells divide along the line connecting two centrosomes of the spindle apparatus. After formation, the spindle apparatus undergoes rotation inside the cell.
The spindle apparatus rotates in the round cell and after several minutes the spindle position is stabilised preferentially along the interphase cell long axis. The cell then divides along the spindle apparatus orientation. The first insights into how cells could remember their long axis came from studies on the Drosophila epithelium. The study ...
TCJ provide mechanical and geometrical clues for the spindle apparatus to ensure that cell divide along its long axis. [10] Several factors could regulate cell shape and therefore orientation of cell division. Among these factors is the anisotropic mechanical stress.
It forms perpendicular to the axis of the spindle apparatus [2] towards the end of telophase, in which sister chromatids are identically separated at the opposite sides of the spindle forming nuclei (Figure 1).
This spindle apparatus consists of microtubules, microfilaments and a complex network of various proteins. During metaphase, the chromosomes line up using the spindle apparatus in the middle of the cell along the equatorial plate. The chromosomes move to opposite poles during anaphase and remain attached to the spindle fibers by their centromeres.
Syntelic attachment occurs when both sister chromosomes are attached to a single spindle pole. [1] [2] Normal cell division distributes the genome equally between two daughter cells, with each chromosome attaching to an ovoid structure called the spindle. During the division process, errors commonly occur in attaching the chromosomes to the ...
Common spindle and other species of shrubs and trees in genus Euonymus whose hard wood was used to make spindles; Spindle apparatus or mitotic spindle, a cellular structure in cell biology; Muscle spindle, stretch receptors within the body of a muscle; Spindle neuron, a specific class of neuron
Astral microtubules anchor the spindle poles to the cell membrane. Microtubule polymerization is nucleated at the microtubule organizing center . An aster is a cellular structure shaped like a star , consisting of a centrosome and its associated microtubules during the early stages of mitosis in an animal cell.