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In sign languages, the term classifier construction (also known as classifier predicates) refers to a morphological system that can express events and states. [1] They use handshape classifiers to represent movement, location, and shape. Classifiers differ from signs in their morphology, namely that signs consist of a single morpheme.
The ASL handshape parameter contains over 55 handshapes, which is over double the amount contained in the Latin-script alphabet. [28] Some of the differences between these handshapes are small. These handshapes play into morphology and how meaning changes based on minuscule details.
Stokoe notation (/ ˈ s t oʊ k i / STOH-kee) is the first [1] phonemic script used for sign languages.It was created by William Stokoe for American Sign Language (ASL), with Latin letters and numerals used for the shapes they have in fingerspelling, and iconic glyphs to transcribe the position, movement, and orientation of the hands.
For example, the 5 and F handshapes (the approximate shapes of the hand in fingerspelling 5 and F) only make contact with another part of the body through the tip of the thumb, whereas the K and 8 (a.k.a. Y) handshapes only make contact through the tip of the middle finger, and the X handshape only with the flexed joint of the index finger.
Classifier handshapes are also found in sign languages, although these have a somewhat different grammatical function. Classifiers are often derived from nouns (or occasionally other parts of speech), which have become specialized as classifiers, or may retain other uses besides their use as classifiers.
The Hamburg Sign Language Notation System (HamNoSys) is a transcription system for all sign languages (including American sign language). It has a direct correspondence between symbols and gesture aspects, such as hand location, shape and movement. [1] It was developed in 1984 at the University of Hamburg, Germany. [2]
SEE-II models much of its sign vocabulary from American Sign Language (ASL), but modifies the handshapes used in ASL in order to use the handshape of the first letter of the corresponding English word. [2] SEE-II is not considered a language itself like ASL; rather it is an invented system for a language—namely, for English. [3] [4]
si5s, a system built from SignWriting, was first proposed by Robert Arnold in his 2007 Gallaudet thesis A Proposal of the Written System for ASL. [1] [7] The ASLwrite community split from Arnold upon his decision to maintain si5s as a private venture with ASLized after the publication of his and Adrean Clark's book How to Write American Sign Language. [1]