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These can form a plaque that can lead to atherosclerosis and trigger myocardial infarction and stroke. [1] [2] [3] Foam cells are fat-laden cells with a M2 macrophage-like phenotype. They contain low density lipoproteins (LDL) and can be rapidly detected by examining a fatty plaque under a microscope after it is removed from the body. [4]
The liver plays the major role in producing proteins that are secreted into the blood, including major plasma proteins, factors in hemostasis and fibrinolysis, carrier proteins, hormones, prohormones and apolipoprotein:
The hepatic lipase can either remain attached to the liver or can unbind from the liver endothelial cells and is free to enter the body's circulation system. [6] When bound on the endothelial cells of the liver, it is often found bound to heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), keeping HL inactive and unable to bind to HDL (high-density ...
Atherosclerosis is a vascular disease which is caused by arterial plaque buildup. [8] Cholesterol, fat, calcium, and other components contribute to the formation of plaque in the blood. [8] Plaque is detrimental to vascular heath because it narrows and stiffens the arteries, causing a lack of oxygen-rich blood flow. [8]
For these purposes, hepatocytes are usually isolated from animal or human [8] whole liver or liver tissue by collagenase digestion, which is a two-step process. In the first step, the liver is placed in an isotonic solution, in which calcium is removed to disrupt cell-cell tight junctions by the use of a calcium chelating agent.
Progression of atherosclerosis. A fatty streak is the first grossly visible (visible to the naked eye) lesion in the development of atherosclerosis.It appears as an irregular yellow-white discoloration on the luminal surface of an artery.
The name is derived from the fact that the cells undergoing this form of cell death increase in size . It is generally considered a form of apoptosis , [ 1 ] and is a descriptor used in the context of inflamed fatty liver ( steatohepatitis ) [ 2 ] (which may be due to obesity or alcohol ), as well as viral hepatitis.
Steatosis, also called fatty change, is abnormal retention of fat within a cell or organ. [1] Steatosis most often affects the liver – the primary organ of lipid metabolism – where the condition is commonly referred to as fatty liver disease. Steatosis can also occur in other organs, including the kidneys, heart, and muscle. [2]