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Targeted alpha-particle therapy (or TAT) is an in-development method of targeted radionuclide therapy of various cancers. It employs radioactive substances which undergo alpha decay to treat diseased tissue at close proximity. [1] It has the potential to provide highly targeted treatment, especially to microscopic tumour cells.
Alpha radiation is a nuclear phenomenon in which a heavy radionuclide emits an energetic alpha particle (consisting of two protons and two neutrons) and transmutes to a different radionuclide. The emitted alpha particle has a range in tissue of only 40-90 microns, which minimizes collateral damage when used for treatment purposes.
In China it has CFDA approval and over 180 treatment centres have been established in China, Hong Kong, and Korea. HIFU has been successfully used to treat cancer to destroy tumours of the bone, brain, breast, liver, pancreas, rectum, kidney, testes, and prostate. Several thousand patients have been treated with various types of tumours.
Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
A chemotherapy regimen is a regimen for chemotherapy, defining the drugs to be used, their dosage, the frequency and duration of treatments, and other considerations.In modern oncology, many regimens combine several chemotherapy drugs in combination chemotherapy.
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CT of the chest, lung cancer screening protocol: 1.5 mSv: 6 months Chest X-ray: 0.1 mSv: 10 days Heart: Coronary CT angiography: 12 mSv: 4 years Coronary CT calcium scan: 3 mSv: 1 year Abdominal: CT of abdomen and pelvis: 10 mSv: 3 years CT of abdomen and pelvis, low dose protocol: 3 mSv [15] 1 year CT of abdomen and pelvis, with + without ...
A 2024 systematic review of the literature found that chemoradiation with 5-FU and mitomycin C, as used in the Nigro Protocol, improves outcomes like colostomy-free survival in anal cancer patients compared to alternatives like cisplatin. However, it can lead to more severe side effects, especially blood-related toxicity. [7]