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The Indian Vedānta philosophy (specifically Advaita), the roots of which go back to the Vedic period, talks of the ātman (self) in similar terms as the noumenon. [ 6 ] Regarding the equivalent concepts in Plato , Ted Honderich writes: " Platonic Ideas and Forms are noumena, and phenomena are things displaying themselves to the senses...
In Kantian philosophy, the thing-in-itself (German: Ding an sich) is the status of objects as they are, independent of representation and observation. The concept of the thing-in-itself was introduced by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant, and over the following centuries was met with controversy among later philosophers. [1]
The second is perspectivalness, which is "a global, structural property of phenomenal space as a whole". [4] More simply, it is what is commonly referred to as the ecological self, the immovable center of perception. The third phenomenal property is selfhood, which is "the phenomenal target property" or the idea of the self over time.
Sakayanya speaks about the 'pure noumenal Self' who arising from the body shines in his own splendour, and of the 'phenomenal Self' called the Bhutatman who is subject to the influence of actions and therefore undergoes transmigration as was taught to him by Rishi Maitri. [4]
David Rosenthal is a foremost advocate of this view. It claims that a mental state is conscious when it is the subject of a higher-order thought (HOT). Phenomenal consciousness in particular corresponds to certain kinds of mental states (e.g., visual inputs) that are the subjects of HOTs.
He allows himself to speculate that the origins of phenomenal God, morality, and free will might exist in the noumenal realm, but these possibilities have to be set against its basic unknowability for humans. Although he saw himself as having disposed of metaphysics, in a sense, he has generally been regarded in retrospect as having a ...
Phenomenal field theory is a contribution to the psychology of personality proposed by Donald Snygg and Arthur W. Combs. [1] [2] According to this theory, all behavior is determined by the conscious self, described as "the phenomenal field" of the behaving organism, and can only be understood if the researcher sees the world through the individual's eyes and mind.
[3]: 5–7 He explains "numinous" as a "non-rational, non-sensory experience or feeling whose primary and immediate object is outside the self." This mental state "presents itself as ganz Andere , [ 4 ] wholly other, a condition absolutely sui generis and incomparable whereby the human being finds himself utterly abashed."