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In philosophy, a noumenon (/ ˈ n uː m ə n ɒ n /, / ˈ n aʊ-/; from Ancient Greek: νοούμενoν; pl.: noumena) is knowledge [1] posited as an object that exists independently of human sense. [2] The term noumenon is generally used in contrast with, or in relation to, the term phenomenon, which refers to any object of the senses.
A phenomenon (pl.: phenomena), sometimes spelled phaenomenon, is an observable event. [1] The term came into its modern philosophical usage through Immanuel Kant , who contrasted it with the noumenon , which cannot be directly observed.
In Ideas: General Introduction to Pure Phenomenology (1913), Husserl continued and built on the (ancient to modern Greek [2] to early modern German Idealism philosophies') terms "noema" and "noesis" to designate correlated elements of the structure of any intentional act—for example, an act of perceiving, or judging, or remembering:
In Kantian philosophy, the thing-in-itself (German: Ding an sich) is the status of objects as they are, independent of representation and observation. The concept of the thing-in-itself was introduced by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant, and over the following centuries was met with controversy among later philosophers. [1]
But Kant was a transitional thinker [clarification needed], so he still maintains the phenomenon/noumenon dichotomy, but what he did achieve was to render Noumena as unknowable and irrelevant. [1] Foucault would come to adapt it in a historical sense through the concept of "episteme":
For example, the act of seeing a horse qualifies as an experience, whether one sees the horse in person, in a dream, or in a hallucination. 'Bracketing' the horse suspends any judgement about the horse as noumenon, and instead analyses the phenomenon of the horse as constituted in intentional acts.
Noumenon is knowledge posited as an object that exists independently of human sense. Noumenon or Noumena may also refer to: ... "Noumenon and Phenomenon", ...
The track "Noumenon", is named after the philosophical concept of things as they actually are, as compared to the concept of phenomenon, which is how things appear. The term was popularized by Immanuel Kant , who used it to help explain his philosophy of transcendental idealism .