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Like other mosaics, Byzantine mosaics are made of small pieces of glass, stone, ceramic, or other material, which are called tesserae. [18] During the Byzantine period, craftsmen expanded the materials that could be turned into tesserae, beginning to include gold leaf and precious stones, and perfected their construction.
A mosaic is a pattern or image made of small regular or irregular pieces of colored stone, glass or ceramic, held in place by plaster/mortar, and covering a surface. [1] Mosaics are often used as floor and wall decoration, and were particularly popular in the Ancient Roman world.
The mosaics of the scutulatum style have the appearance of a simple mosaic pavement lacking figural decoration and were in use throughout the entire Roman Empire. [ 3 ] Pliny ( Naturalis Historia XXXV.185) reports that opus scutulatum was first used in Rome at the beginning of the Third Punic War (149 BC) in the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus.
The mosaics are made of glass tesserae and were executed in Byzantine style between the late 12th and the mid-13th centuries by local masters. [2] With the exception of a high dado, made of marble slabs with bands of mosaic between them, the whole interior surface of the walls, including soffits and jambs of all the arches, is covered with minute mosaic-pictures in bright colors on a gold ground.
A Roman mosaic on a wall in the House of Neptune and Amphitrite, Herculaneum, Italy, 1st century AD. A Roman mosaic is a mosaic made during the Roman period, throughout the Roman Republic and later Empire. Mosaics were used in a variety of private and public buildings, [1] on both floors and walls, though they competed with cheaper frescos for
Tesserae of a mosaic of doves drinking at a golden basin, 1st century AD, National Archaeological Museum, Naples, Italy. A tessera (plural: tesserae, diminutive tessella) is an individual tile, usually formed in the shape of a square, used in creating a mosaic. It is also known as an abaciscus or abaculus.
Micromosaic brooch set in black glass, c. 1875, of the Pantheon Byzantine mosaic icon, 45 cm high, 13th century.. Micromosaics (or micro mosaics, micro-mosaics) are a special form of mosaic that uses unusually small mosaic pieces of glass, or in later Italian pieces an enamel-like material, to make small figurative images. [1]
This mosaic is depicted in Hans Holbein's The Ambassadors. The general style of works of the Cosmati school is more closely related to Romanesque art , even though some of the buildings they worked in are Gothic , as in their main lines are their larger structures, especially in the elaborate altar-canopies, with their pierced geometrical tracery.