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Dual diagnosis (also called co-occurring disorders (COD) or dual pathology) [1] [2] is the condition of having a mental illness and a comorbid substance use disorder.There is considerable debate surrounding the appropriateness of using a single category for a heterogeneous group of individuals with complex needs and a varied range of problems.
Many anxiety disorders, such as social anxiety disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, are not commonly diagnosed in people with ASD because such symptoms are better explained by ASD itself, and it is often difficult to tell whether symptoms such as compulsive checking are part of ASD or a co-occurring anxiety problem. The prevalence of ...
Certain diagnoses such as ADHD, autism, OCD, and mood disorders have higher rates of co-occurring or being prevalent in separate diagnoses. "Comorbidity in OCD is the rule rather than the exception" with OCD diagnoses facing a lifetime rate of 90%. [12]
Evidence from large population studies from the United Kingdom and China suggests that specific combinations of physical conditions increase the risk of developing depression and anxiety more than others, such as co-occurring respiratory disorders and co-occurring painful and gastrointestinal disorders.
There is usually co-morbidity with other psychological disorders, particularly mood disorders or anxiety disorders. [ 3 ] [ 50 ] Research also showed comorbidity between somatic symptom disorder and personality disorders , especially antisocial , borderline , narcissistic , histrionic , avoidant , and dependent personality disorder.
Common co-occurring disorders are prominent in that they can mask exercise addiction and/or complicate treatments for many patients. Eating disorders and Impulse Control Disorder, like many other anxiety disorders, can oftentimes be disguised as exercise addiction and are maintained primarily by negative reinforcement through anxiety reduction.
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Risk factors for mental illness include psychological trauma, adverse childhood experiences, genetic predisposition, and personality traits. [7] [8] Correlations between mental disorders and substance use are also found to have a two way relationship, in that substance use can lead to the development of mental disorders and having mental disorders can lead to substance use/abuse.