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The water-water energetic reactor (WWER), [1] or VVER (from Russian: водо-водяной энергетический реактор; transliterates as vodo-vodyanoi enyergeticheskiy reaktor; water-water power reactor) is a series of pressurized water reactor designs originally developed in the Soviet Union, and now Russia, by OKB Gidropress. [2]
VVER-TOI is a basis for the development of Nuclear power plant serial construction projects at the sites located within a wide range of natural-climatic conditions, considering the whole spectrum of internal extreme and external human-induced impacts, which are specific for all eventual construction sites.
VVER is the Soviet designation for a pressurized water reactor.The number following VVER, in this case 440, represents the power output of the original design. The VVER-440 Model V213 was a product of the first uniform safety requirements drawn up by the Soviet designers.
This category includes power stations with the VVER-440, VVER-1000, VVER-1200 reactors. Pages in category "Nuclear power stations using VVER reactors" The following 33 pages are in this category, out of 33 total.
The plan aimed to put two new nuclear reactors into operation each year from 2012. This decision provided impetus for the construction of Novovoronezh II, which had been originally been proposed in 1999. [4] On 20 June 2007 preparations began at the construction site, [5] and the construction starting ceremony was held on 12 July 2009. [6]
In August 2010, an intergovernmental agreement was signed to provide that the Russian party will build at least one VVER-1000 reactor, supply nuclear fuel for it and decommission it. Construction was to commence in 2012 or early 2013 and is expected to cost US$5 billion.
The nuclear plant has six Soviet-designed VVER-1000 V-320 water-cooled and water-moderated reactors containing Uranium 235, and also has spent nuclear fuel at the facility.
It is the country's only nuclear power plant and the largest in the region. The construction of the first reactor began on 6 April 1970. [2] Kozloduy NPP currently manages two pressurized water reactors with a total gross output of 2,000 MWe and 1,966 MW net. Units 5 and 6, constructed in 1987 and 1991, respectively are VVER-1000 reactors