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Canadian trademark law provides protection to marks by statute under the Trademarks Act [1] and also at common law. Trademark law provides protection for distinctive marks, certification marks, distinguishing guises, and proposed marks against those who appropriate the goodwill of the mark or create confusion between different vendors' goods or services.
Section 6 of the Trademarks Act sets out the situations where a trade-mark is confusing: . 6.(2) The use of a trade-mark causes confusion with another trade-mark if the use of both trade-marks in the same area would be likely to lead to the inference that the wares or services associated with those trade-marks are manufactured, sold, leased, hired or performed by the same person, whether or ...
Due to the nature of trademark law as a consumer protection measure, there is some debate as to whether "post-sale confusion" (as in the case of a consumer knowingly purchasing counterfeit goods but fooling others into thinking they are the real thing) should be an actionable trademark infringement or considered under the tort of passing off.
Trademark owned by Philips in the European Union and various other jurisdictions, but invalidated in the United States due to it being merely a descriptive term. [1] [2] [3] Aspirin Still a Bayer trademark name for acetylsalicylic acid in about 80 countries, including Canada and many countries in Europe, but declared generic in the U.S. [4] Catseye
While most areas of Canadian intellectual property law are within the purview of Parliament and the Federal government, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled in MacDonald v. Vapor Canada Ltd. that civil remedies pertaining to trade secrets fall within the provincial power over property and civil rights .
Trademark distinctiveness is an important concept in the law governing trademarks and service marks. A trademark may be eligible for registration, or registrable, if it performs the essential trademark function, and has distinctive character. Registrability can be understood as a continuum, with "inherently distinctive" marks at one end ...
[14] [15] If a trademark application is refused, there is a right of appeal to the Federal Court of Canada. [14] [15] If a trademark application is approved, the Trademarks and Industrial Design Branch is also responsible for advertising it in the Trademarks Journal and, ultimately, processing the registration and renewal of the trademark.
An example of trademark erosion is the verb "to hoover" (used with the meaning of "vacuum cleaning"), which originated from the Hoover company brand name. Nintendo is an example of a brand that successfully fought trademark erosion, having managed to replace excessive use of its name with the term "game console", at that time a neologism. [18] [20]