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Kaizen (Japanese: 改善, "improvement") is a concept referring to business activities that continuously improve all functions and involve all employees from the CEO to the assembly line workers. Kaizen also applies to processes, such as purchasing and logistics, that cross organizational boundaries into the supply chain. [1]
Feedback: The core principle of continual process improvement is the (self) reflection of processes; Efficiency: The purpose of continual improvement process is the identification, reduction, and elimination of suboptimal processes; Evolution: The emphasis of continual improvement process is on incremental, continual steps rather than giant leaps
ISO 15504-4: 2005 — information technology — process assessment — Part 4: Guidance on use for process improvement and process capability determination. QFD — quality function deployment, also known as the house of quality approach. Kaizen — 改善, Japanese for change for the better; the common English term is continuous improvement.
Masaaki Imai acknowledged that kaizen starts with the detection of needs and problem definition: "The starting point for improvement is to recognize the need. This comes from the recognition of a problem. If no problem is recognized, there is no recognition of the need for improvement. Complacency is the archenemy of KAIZEN™." [9]
The principles of the Toyota Way are divided into the two broad categories of continuous improvement and respect for human resources. [7] [8] [9] The standards for constant improvement include directives to set up a long-term vision, to engage in a step-by-step approach to challenges, to search for the root causes of problems, and to engage in ongoing innovation.
Kaizen costing is a cost reduction system used a product's design has been completed and it is in production. [1] Business professor Yasuhiro Monden [ 2 ] defines kaizen costing as The maintenance of present cost levels for products currently being manufactured via systematic efforts to achieve the desired cost level.
Lean thinking was born out of studying the rise of Toyota Motor Company from a bankrupt Japanese automaker in the early 1950s to today's dominant global player. [4] At every stage of its expansion, Toyota remained a puzzle by capturing new markets with products deemed relatively unattractive and with systematically lower costs while not following any of the usual management dictates.
The system includes four components or "lenses" through which to view the world simultaneously: Appreciating a system; Understanding variation; Psychology; Epistemology, the theory of knowledge [14] Deming made a significant contribution to Japan's reputation for innovative, high-quality products, and for its economic power.