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In project management, level of effort (LOE) is a support-type project activity that must be done to support other work activities or the entire project effort. It usually consists of short amounts of work that must be repeated periodically.
In computer graphics, level of detail (LOD) refers to the complexity of a 3D model representation. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] LOD can be decreased as the model moves away from the viewer or according to other metrics such as object importance, viewpoint-relative speed or position.
Learned helplessness is a term to explain a specific pattern of behavior that occurs in both animals and humans. When an animal or human is consistently exposed to an aversive condition (pain, unpleasant noise, etc.) and is unable to escape this condition, that animal or human will become helpless and stop attempting escape.
One punched card usually represented one line of code. It was one discrete object that was easily counted. It was the visible output of the programmer, so it made sense to managers to count lines of code as a measurement of a programmer's productivity, even referring to such as "card images". Today, the most commonly used computer languages ...
These positions require a high level of skill to ensure accuracy and knowledge of using these basic level programs. In recent times, software companies have begun releasing specific software designed to create a BOE with much less effort and time and expense of labor, which ultimately is the goal of a BOE in the first place.
The strong overconfidence in the accuracy of the effort estimates is illustrated by the finding that, on average, if a software professional is 90% confident or "almost sure" to include the actual effort in a minimum-maximum interval, the observed frequency of including the actual effort is only 60-70%. [5]
Jim Lewis does a better job of defining the various levels. (See Project Manager’s Desk Reference, 2nd Edition, Lewis, 2000, pg 91) In this illustration, he doe not reflect PMI's particular perspective of the Work Package) as being the lowest developed level, but a discrete level (Level 5.0).
[25] [26] Instead, a measure called guesswork can be used to measure the effort required for a brute force attack. [27] Other problems may arise from non-uniform distributions used in cryptography. For example, a 1,000,000-digit binary one-time pad using exclusive or. If the pad has 1,000,000 bits of entropy, it is perfect.