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Differentiation of chronic motor or vocal tic disorder: DSM-5 added a specifier to distinguish between vocal and motor tics that are chronic. This distinction was added because higher rates of comorbid diagnoses are present with vocal tics relative to motor tics.
Knowledge, education and understanding are uppermost in management plans for tic disorders, [6] and psychoeducation is the first step. [14] [15] A child's parents are typically the first to notice their tics; [16] they may feel worried, imagine that they are somehow responsible, or feel burdened by misinformation about Tourette's. [14]
Tourette syndrome is defined only slightly differently by the WHO; [4] [8] in its ICD-11, the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tourette syndrome is classified as a disease of the nervous system and a neurodevelopmental disorder, [18] [19] and only one motor tic and one or more vocal tics are ...
Motor tics are movement-based tics affecting discrete muscle groups. [4]Phonic tics are involuntary sounds produced by moving air through the nose, mouth, or throat. They may be alternately referred to as verbal tics or vocal tics, but most diagnosticians prefer the term phonic tics to reflect the notion that the vocal cords are not involved in all tics that produce sound.
Controlled trials have demonstrated that HRT is an acceptable, tolerable, effective and durable treatment for tics; [1] HRT reduces the severity of vocal tics, and results in enduring improvement of tics when compared with supportive therapy. [7] HRT has been shown to be more effective than supportive therapy and, in some studies, medication. [8]
Some patients have been treated by injecting botulinum toxin (botox) near the vocal cords. This does not prevent the vocalizations, but the partial paralysis that results helps to control the volume of any outbursts. [28] [29] [30] Botox injections result in more generalized relief of tics than the vocal relief expected. [31]
All these years later, it's easy to forget the scope of the medical mystery that more than a decade ago struck teenage girls in Le Roy, triggering from them Tourette-like tics, spasms and vocal ...
Tourette syndrome (TS) is an inherited neurological condition of multiple motor and at least one vocal tic. Although Tourette syndrome is the most common cause of tic disorders, [1] other sporadic, genetic, and neurodegenerative disorders may also exhibit tics. [2] [3]