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It can be extended to infinite-dimensional vector spaces as the L 2 norm or L 2 distance. [25] The Euclidean distance gives Euclidean space the structure of a topological space, the Euclidean topology, with the open balls (subsets of points at less than a given distance from a given point) as its neighborhoods. [26]
In mathematics, a Euclidean distance matrix is an n×n matrix representing the spacing of a set of n points in Euclidean space. For points x 1 , x 2 , … , x n {\displaystyle x_{1},x_{2},\ldots ,x_{n}} in k -dimensional space ℝ k , the elements of their Euclidean distance matrix A are given by squares of distances between them.
The closest pair of points problem or closest pair problem is a problem of computational geometry: given points in metric space, find a pair of points with the smallest distance between them. The closest pair problem for points in the Euclidean plane [ 1 ] was among the first geometric problems that were treated at the origins of the systematic ...
In geometric measure theory, Falconer's conjecture, named after Kenneth Falconer, is an unsolved problem concerning the sets of Euclidean distances between points in compact-dimensional spaces. Intuitively, it states that a set of points that is large in its Hausdorff dimension must determine a set of distances that is large in measure .
The Euclidean distance obeys the triangle inequality, so the Euclidean TSP forms a special case of metric TSP. However, even when the input points have integer coordinates, their distances generally take the form of square roots , and the length of a tour is a sum of radicals , making it difficult to perform the symbolic computation needed to ...
Distance geometry is the branch of mathematics concerned with characterizing and studying sets of points based only on given values of the distances between pairs of points. [1] [2] [3] More abstractly, it is the study of semimetric spaces and the isometric transformations between them.
The problem for graphs is NP-complete if the edge lengths are assumed integers. The problem for points on the plane is NP-complete with the discretized Euclidean metric and rectilinear metric. The problem is known to be NP-hard with the (non-discretized) Euclidean metric. [3]: ND22, ND23
The Erdős Distance Problem consists of twelve chapters and three appendices. [5]After an introductory chapter describing the formulation of the problem by Paul Erdős and Erdős's proof that the number of distances is always at least proportional to , the next six chapters cover the two-dimensional version of the problem.