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In social sciences, proxy measurements are often required to stand in for variables that cannot be directly measured. This process of standing in is also known as operationalization . Per-capita gross domestic product (GDP) is often used as a proxy for measures of standard of living or quality of life .
This field is central to much quantitative research that is undertaken within the social sciences. Quantitative research may involve the use of proxies as stand-ins for other quantities that cannot be directly measured. Tree-ring width, for example, is considered a reliable proxy of ambient environmental conditions such as the warmth of growing ...
RN tools facilitate collaboration and team science to address research challenges through the rapid discovery and recommendation of researchers, expertise and resources. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] RN tools differ from search engines like Google in that RN tools access information in databases and other data not limited to web pages.
In social science, agency is the capacity of individuals to have the power and resources to fulfill their potential. Social structure consists of those factors of influence (such as social class, religion, gender, ethnicity, ability, customs, etc.) that determine or limit agents and their decisions. [1]
Research in science and in social science is a long, slow and difficult process that sometimes produces false results because of methodological weaknesses and in rare cases because of fraud, so that reliance on any one study is inadvisable. [4]
Amid growing anxieties surrounding reported drone sightings, the FBI has issued a warning against a new trend of pointing lasers at aircrafts.
Proxy fight, attempting to influence how company shareholders use their proxy votes; Proxy marriage, common amongst European monarchs, where one party is not present in person to their marriage to the other; Proxy murder, a murder committed on behalf of somebody else; Proxy statement, information published related to a U.S. stockholders' meeting
From January 2008 to April 2008, if you bought shares in companies when Juergen Dormann joined the board, and sold them when he left, you would have a 12.7 percent return on your investment, compared to a -5.3 percent return from the S&P 500.