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Islamic calendar stamp issued at King Khalid International Airport on 10 Rajab 1428 AH (24 July 2007 CE). The Hijri calendar (Arabic: ٱلتَّقْوِيم ٱلْهِجْرِيّ, romanized: al-taqwīm al-hijrī), or Arabic calendar, also known in English as the Muslim calendar and Islamic calendar, is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 lunar months in a year of 354 or 355 days.
The Arabic names of the months of the Gregorian calendar are usually phonetic Arabic pronunciations of the corresponding month names used in European languages. An exception is the Assyrian calendar used in Iraq and the Levant, whose month names are inherited via Classical Arabic from the Babylonian and Hebrew lunisolar calendars and correspond to roughly the same time of year.
The calendar's epoch (first year) corresponds to the Hijrah in 622 CE, which is the same as the epoch of the Lunar Hijri calendar but as it is a solar calendar, the two calendars' year numbers do not coincide with each other and are slowly drifting apart, being about 43 years apart as of 2023.
The Hijri era is calculated according to the Islamic lunar calendar, whose epoch (first year) is the year of Muhammad's Hijrah, and begins on the first day of the month of Muharram (equivalent to the Julian calendar date of July 16, 622 CE). [2] [b] The date of the Hijrah itself did not form the Islamic New Year.
The calendar formation year is considered as 963 Hijra (A. H.) in the Islamic calendar. From that year onward, the Fasli calendar has been a solar year. The name and number of the Days and the Months are the same as Islamic calendar. The first day of the year is 7 or 8 June. [3] The Fasli calendar dated from the accession year of Akbar.
The Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar, and months begin when new moon is sighted. Since the Islamic lunar calendar year is 11 to 12 days shorter than the solar year, Dhu al-Hijjah migrates throughout the seasons. The estimated start and end dates for Dhu al-Hijja, based on the Umm al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia, are: [2]
All examples use example date 2021-03-31 / 2021 March 31 / 31 March 2021 / March 31, 2021 – except where a single-digit day is illustrated. Basic components of a calendar date for the most common calendar systems: D – day; M – month; Y – year; Specific formats for the basic components: yy – two-digit year, e.g. 24; yyyy – four-digit ...
(29 days × 6 months + 30 days × 6 months) × 30 years + 11 leap days = 10,631 days and 10,631 / 360 = 29.53056 (360 is number of months in 30 years). And this is approximately how long it takes for the moon to make full lunar cycle. Microsoft's Kuwaiti algorithm is used in Windows to convert between Gregorian calendar dates and Islamic ...