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Incoterms define the responsibilities of exporters and importers in the arrangement of shipments and the transfer of liability involved at various stages of the transaction. They are widely used in international commercial transactions or procurement processes and their use is encouraged by trade councils, courts and international lawyers. [2]
As with all Incoterms, FOB does not define the point at which ownership of the goods is transferred. The term FOB is also used in modern domestic shipping within North America to describe the point at which a seller is no longer responsible for shipping costs. Ownership of a cargo is independent of Incoterms, which relate to delivery and risk.
Incoterms inform sales contract by defining respective obligations, costs, and risks involved in the delivery of goods from seller to buyer. Incoterms 2010, the 8th revision, refers to the newest collection of essential international commercial and trade terms with 11 rules. Incoterm 2010 was effective on and from January 1, 2011.
Category for Incoterms, terminology about international trade. Pages in category "Incoterms" The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total.
Definition Action that Put something into practice [1] Baked in Something which has been "baked in" is implied to be impossible to remove. Alternatively, "baked in" can refer to a desirable, although non-essential, property of a product being incorporated for the user's convenience. Boil the ocean Undertake an impossible or impractical task [1]
Incoterms on these forms define the shipment and customs declaration. A Harmonized System Code (Hs code or harmonized code) might be required to define the type of goods and their associated tax rate.
The CISG describes when the risk passes from the seller to the buyer [49] but it has been observed that in practice most contracts define the seller's delivery obligations quite precisely by adopting an established shipment term, [42] such as FOB and CIF. [50] Remedies of the buyer and seller depend upon the character of a breach of the contract.
A freight forwarder or forwarding agent is a person or a company who co-ordinates and organizes the movement of shipments on behalf of a shipper (party that arranges an item for shipment) by liaising with carriers (party that transports goods).