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An electron transport chain (ETC [1]) is a series of protein complexes and other molecules which transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H + ions) across a membrane.
English: Diagram of the electron transport chain in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Compared to the original this version has: Corrected stoichiometry, Cytochrome C is no longer inside the membrane, Complex II is now transmembrane, added electrons.
This chain of electron acceptors is known as an electron transport chain. When this chain reaches PSI, an electron is again excited, creating a high redox-potential. The electron transport chain of photosynthesis is often put in a diagram called the Z-scheme, because the redox diagram from P680 to P700 resembles the letter Z. [3]
Electron transport chain zh tw.svg ETC Electron transport chain-es.jpg Corrected stoichiometry, Cytochrome C is no longer inside the membrane, Complex II is now transmembrane, added electrons
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The chain of redox reactions driving the flow of electrons through the electron transport chain, from electron donors such as NADH to electron acceptors such as oxygen and hydrogen (protons), is an exergonic process – it releases energy, whereas the synthesis of ATP is an endergonic process, which requires an input of energy.
Illustration of the electron transport chain and the citric acid cycle in the mitochondria Catalan Il·lustració de la cadena de transport d'electrons al mitocondri
Illustration of the malate–aspartate shuttle pathway. The malate–aspartate shuttle (sometimes simply the malate shuttle) is a biochemical system for translocating electrons produced during glycolysis across the semipermeable inner membrane of the mitochondrion for oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotes.