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In chemistry, the Fischer projection, devised by Emil Fischer in 1891, is a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional organic molecule by projection. Fischer projections were originally proposed for the depiction of carbohydrates and used by chemists, particularly in organic chemistry and biochemistry. The use of Fischer projections ...
This type of representation clearly illustrates the specific dihedral angle between the proximal and distal atoms. [ 2 ] This projection is named after American chemist Melvin Spencer Newman , who introduced it in 1952 as a partial replacement for Fischer projections , which are unable to represent conformations and thus conformers properly.
Both Jmol and JSmol render an interactive 3D representation of a molecule or other structure that may be used as a teaching tool, [5] or for research, in several fields, e.g. chemistry, biochemistry, materials science, crystallography, [6] symmetry or nanotechnology.
Skeletal structural formula of Vitamin B 12.Many organic molecules are too complicated to be specified by a molecular formula.. The structural formula of a chemical compound is a graphic representation of the molecular structure (determined by structural chemistry methods), showing how the atoms are connected to one another. [1]
A space-filling model of n-octane, the straight chain (normal) hydrocarbon composed of 8 carbons and 18 hydrogens, formulae: CH 3 CH 2 (CH 2) 4 CH 2 CH 3 or C 8 H 18.Note, the representative shown is of a single conformational "pose" of a population of molecules, which, because of low Gibbs energy barriers to rotation about its carbon-carbon bonds (giving the carbon "chain" great flexibility ...
Spacefilling models or CPK models (also an atomic coloring scheme in representations) – the molecule is represented by overlapping spheres representing the atoms. Cartoon – a representation used for proteins where loops, beta sheets, and alpha helices are represented diagrammatically and no atoms or bonds are explicitly represented (e.g ...
A notable molecule editor is a computer program for creating and modifying representations of chemical structures.. Molecule editors can manipulate chemical structure representations in either a simulated two-dimensional space or three-dimensional space, via 2D computer graphics or 3D computer graphics, respectively.
John Dalton represented compounds as aggregations of circular atoms, and although Johann Josef Loschmidt did not create physical models, his diagrams based on circles are two-dimensional analogues of later models. [2] August Wilhelm von Hofmann is credited with the first physical molecular model around 1860. [3]