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Parenting skills and behaviors assist parents in leading children into healthy adulthood and development of the child's social skills. The cognitive potential, social skills, and behavioral functioning a child acquires during the early years are positively correlated with the quality of their interactions with their parents.
Parents play a large role in a child's activities, socialization, and development; having multiple parents can add stability to a child's life and therefore encourage healthy development. [5] Another influential factor in children's development is the quality of their care.
Studies have found that the father is a child's preferred attachment figure in approximately 5–20% of cases. [1] [2] [3] Fathers and mothers may react differently to the same behaviour in an infant, and the infant may react to the parents' behaviour differently depending on which parent performs it.
Parenting roles in child development have typically focused on the role of the mother. Recent literature, however, has looked toward the father as having an important role in child development. Affirming a role for fathers, studies have shown that children as young as 15 months benefit significantly from substantial engagement with their father.
The term "family values" is often used in political discourse in some countries, its general meaning being that of traditional or cultural values that pertain to the family's structure, function, roles, beliefs, attitudes, and ideals, usually involving the "traditional family"—a middle-class family with a breadwinner father and a homemaker ...
The child may also drop out of school to assume the parental role. [14] In destructive parentification, the child in question takes on excessive responsibility in the family, without their caretaking being supported adequately by others. [28] By adopting the role of parental caregiver, the child loses their natural place in the family unit. [13]
The relationship with the primary caregivers plays a crucial role in the emotional development of young children. They try to imitate the facial expression of primary caregivers shortly after birth and it is the first form of communication. Children gradually learn to regulate emotions with healthy interaction with parents and primary caregivers.
The Children's Bureau also introduced parent education materials by producing infant and child care booklets for families in the early 20th century. As the field evolved, home economics expanded to include psychosocial education to support healthy adult and child development, parenting, relationship enrichment and communication skills.