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Huygens (/ ˈ h ɔɪ ɡ ən z / HOY-gənz) was an atmospheric entry robotic space probe that landed successfully on Saturn's moon Titan in 2005. Built and operated by the European Space Agency (ESA), launched by NASA, it was part of the Cassini–Huygens mission and became the first spacecraft to land on Titan and the farthest landing from Earth a spacecraft has ever made. [3]
The craft is to remain on the ground during the Titan nights, which last about eight Earth days or 192 hours. [3] Activities during the night may include sample collection and analysis, seismological studies like diagnosing wave activity on the northern hydrocarbon seas, [ 45 ] meteorological monitoring, and local microscopic imaging using LED ...
Saturn orbiter and Titan probe [20] Saturn: Deorbited 2017: 1997–2017 Venera 15 & 16: 5,300 kg (11,684 lb) Venus orbiter: Venus: Retired: 1983–1985 Venera 10: 5,033 kg (11,096 lb) Venus orbiter & lander: Venus: Last contact 1976: 1975–1976 Tianwen-1: 5,000 kg (11,023 lb) Tianwen-1 Mars orbiter, deployable and remote cameras, lander and ...
Together, the three spacecraft will fly behind Earth as it orbits the sun, about 50 million kilometers (31 million miles) from our planet. The agency expects the mission to last four years, with ...
The Day the Earth Smiled – Saturn with some of its moons, Earth, Venus, and Mars as visible in this Cassini montage (July 19, 2013) [114] On July 19, 2013, the probe was pointed towards Earth to capture an image of the Earth and the Moon, as part of a natural light, multi-image portrait of the entire Saturn system. The event was unique as it ...
Huygens was an atmospheric probe that touched down on Titan on January 14, 2005, [114] discovering that many of its surface features seem to have been formed by fluids at some point in the past. [115] Titan is the most distant body from Earth to have a space probe land on its surface. [116]
Aerocapture has been shown to be feasible at Venus, Earth, Mars, and Titan using existing entry vehicles and thermal protection system materials. [4] Until recently, mid-L/D (lift-to-drag) vehicles were considered essential for aerocapture at Uranus and Neptune, due to the large uncertainties in entry state and atmospheric density profiles. [ 5 ]
Titan is the only object in the outer Solar System where a spacecraft has landed and conducted surface operations. The geology of Titan encompasses the geological characteristics of Titan, the largest moon of Saturn. Titan's density of 1.881 g/cm 3 indicates that it is roughly 40–60% rock by mass, with the rest being water ice and other ...