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Albania had about 200 Jews at the beginning of the war. [21] It subsequently became a safe haven for several hundred Jewish refugees from other countries. [22] [23] At the Wannsee Conference in 1942, Adolf Eichmann, planner of the mass murder of Jews across Europe, estimated the number of Jews in Albania that were to be killed at 200. [24]
Albania is a secular and religiously diverse country with no official religion and thus, freedom of religion, belief and conscience are guaranteed under the country's constitution. [2] Islam is the most common religion in Albania, followed by Christianity, though religiosity is low and there are many irreligious Albanians.
By the first century, the Jewish community in Babylonia, to which Jews were exiled after the Babylonian conquest as well as after the Bar Kokhba rebellion in 135 CE, already held a speedily growing [3] population of an estimated one million Jews, which increased to an estimated two million [4] between the years 200 CE and 500 CE, both by ...
The Jewish diaspora in the second Temple period (516 BCE – 70 CE) was created from various factors, including through the creation of political and war refugees, enslavement, deportation, overpopulation, indebtedness, military employment, and opportunities in business, commerce, and agriculture. [7]
Albania was among the first southeastern European countries to join the Partnership for peace programme. Albania applied to join the European Union, becoming an official candidate for accession to the European Union in June 2014. In 2017, the eighth parliamentary elections took place, simultaneously with the presidential elections.
It is estimated that there were 1,800 Jews in Albania-proper at the end of the Second World War. [40] Albania's Jewish population increased eleven-fold between 1939 and 1945. [37] The Jewish community in Kosovo never fully recovered from the war. [61] Few Jews remained in Kosovo, and many emigrated to Israel during the communist period. [15]
Christianity in Albania began when Christians arrived in Illyria soon after the time of Jesus, with a bishop being appointed in Dyrrhachium in 58 AD. [ 2 ] When the Roman Empire was divided in 395 AD, modern Albania became part of the Byzantine Empire , but was under the jurisdiction of the Pope until 732, when Emperor Leo III placed the church ...
From 1335 until 1432 four main principalities were created in Albania. The first of them was the Muzakaj Principality of Berat, created in 1335 in Berat and Myzeqe. The most powerful was the Princedom of Albania, formed after the disestablishment of Kingdom of Albania, by Karl Thopia.