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Illustration of bearing tolerances (in micrometers) for a bearing with a 20 mm inner diameter. For illustration, the figure shows the differences in tolerance per ABEC class in micrometers (μm) for a 20 mm inner diameter bearing. [1] A 20 mm ABEC 7 bearing only has a 5 μm tolerance window, whereas an ABEC 1 has twice as wide a tolerance.
A ball bearing. A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired motion and reduces friction between moving parts.The design of the bearing may, for example, provide for free linear movement of the moving part or for free rotation around a fixed axis; or, it may prevent a motion by controlling the vectors of normal forces that bear on the moving parts.
Size refers to the farthest possible distance between two points on the ball's surface, as measured by two parallel plates in contact with the surface. The starting size is the nominal ball diameter , which is the nominal , or theoretical, ball diameter.
Engineering fits are generally used as part of geometric dimensioning and tolerancing when a part or assembly is designed. In engineering terms, the "fit" is the clearance between two mating parts, and the size of this clearance determines whether the parts can, at one end of the spectrum, move or rotate independently from each other or, at the other end, are temporarily or permanently joined.
Although bearings tend to wear out with use, designers can make tradeoffs of bearing size and cost versus lifetime. A bearing can last indefinitely—longer than the rest of the machine—if it is kept cool, clean, lubricated, is run within the rated load, and if the bearing materials are sufficiently free of microscopic defects.
ISO 129-4:2013 Technical product documentation (TPD) — Indication of dimensions and tolerances — Part 4: Dimensioning of shipbuilding drawings; ISO 129-5:2018 Technical product documentation — Indication of dimensions and tolerances — Part 5: Dimensioning of structural metal work; ISO 216 paper sizes, e.g. the A4 paper size