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Some Cathars believed in the transmigration of souls, in which the soul went from one body to another. Whether they did so or not, sexual intercourse under all circumstances was a grave sin, because it either brought a new soul into the evil world or perpetuated the cycle of souls being trapped in evil bodies.
Followers were known as Cathars or Albigensians, [3] after the French city Albi where the movement first took hold, [7] but referred to themselves as Good Christians. They famously believed that there were not one, but two Gods—the good God of Heaven and the evil god of this age ( 2 Corinthians 4:4 ).
John Foxe believed the Cathars to be precursors of the reformation. [2] [1] John Foxe believed that the Albigenses were similar to reformed theology; he praised the Albigenses as martyrs. [4] Today, the Cathars are still seen as protestant precursors by some Baptists, particularly those who adhere to the theory of Baptist successionism. [5]
However, many did not, and were subjected to intense persecution and were confronted with organised and general discrimination in the following centuries. In the sixteenth century, the Waldensians were absorbed into the Protestant movement, under the influence of early Swiss reformer Heinrich Bullinger .
Novatianism or Novationism [1] was an early Christian sect devoted to the theologian Novatian (c. 200–258) that held a strict view that refused readmission to communion of lapsi (those baptized Christians who had denied their faith or performed the formalities of a ritual sacrifice to the pagan gods under the pressures of the persecution sanctioned by Emperor Decius in AD 250).
Waldo began traveling around Lombardy begging and preaching about the value of poverty. The region of Lombardy was a hotbed of religious reform movements at the time, many of which would be later deemed heresies by the Catholic Church. These include the Cathars, the Humiliati, the Albigensians, and the Speronists.
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The Council was called by the local bishop to address the perceived threat from the rapid growth of the Albigensian movement in 13th century southern France. The council resolved that a search in each parish was to be made for heretics (Albigensian [1] and Cathar) [citation needed] and that if found their houses should be destroyed [2] and that non-Latin translations of the Bible be destroyed ...