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  2. Variational autoencoder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variational_autoencoder

    In addition to being seen as an autoencoder neural network architecture, variational autoencoders can also be studied within the mathematical formulation of variational Bayesian methods, connecting a neural encoder network to its decoder through a probabilistic latent space (for example, as a multivariate Gaussian distribution) that corresponds ...

  3. Autoencoder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoencoder

    An autoencoder is a type of artificial neural network used to learn efficient codings of unlabeled data (unsupervised learning).An autoencoder learns two functions: an encoding function that transforms the input data, and a decoding function that recreates the input data from the encoded representation.

  4. Variational Bayesian methods - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variational_Bayesian_methods

    Variational Bayesian methods are a family of techniques for approximating intractable integrals arising in Bayesian inference and machine learning.They are typically used in complex statistical models consisting of observed variables (usually termed "data") as well as unknown parameters and latent variables, with various sorts of relationships among the three types of random variables, as ...

  5. Transformer (deep learning architecture) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformer_(deep_learning...

    One encoder-decoder block A Transformer is composed of stacked encoder layers and decoder layers. Like earlier seq2seq models, the original transformer model used an encoder-decoder architecture. The encoder consists of encoding layers that process all the input tokens together one layer after another, while the decoder consists of decoding ...

  6. BERT (language model) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BERT_(language_model)

    Bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) is a language model introduced in October 2018 by researchers at Google. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It learns to represent text as a sequence of vectors using self-supervised learning .

  7. PyMC - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PyMC

    PyMC (formerly known as PyMC3) is a probabilistic programming language written in Python. It can be used for Bayesian statistical modeling and probabilistic machine learning. PyMC performs inference based on advanced Markov chain Monte Carlo and/or variational fitting algorithms.

  8. Calculus of variations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus_of_Variations

    The calculus of variations began with the work of Isaac Newton, such as with Newton's minimal resistance problem, which he formulated and solved in 1685, and later published in his Principia in 1687, [2] which was the first problem in the field to be formulated and correctly solved, [2] and was also one of the most difficult problems tackled by variational methods prior to the twentieth century.

  9. Total variation denoising - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_variation_denoising

    The regularization parameter plays a critical role in the denoising process. When =, there is no smoothing and the result is the same as minimizing the sum of squares.As , however, the total variation term plays an increasingly strong role, which forces the result to have smaller total variation, at the expense of being less like the input (noisy) signal.