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The other four groups of agents generally cause late symptoms that emerge weeks after the completion of chemotherapy. In both cases, the severity of the symptoms are generally proportional to the dose of the treatment drug received, and the severity of the symptoms may warrant a reduction in the chemotherapy dosage. [ 2 ]
Low-risk disease in babies typically has a good outcome with surgery or simply observation. [5] In high-risk disease, chances of long-term survival, however, are less than 40%, despite aggressive treatment. [5] Neuroblastoma is the most common cancer in babies and the third-most common cancer in children after leukemia and brain cancer. [5]
Conventionally, a leukocytosis exceeding 50,000 WBC/mm 3 with a significant increase in early neutrophil precursors is referred to as a leukemoid reaction. [2] The peripheral blood smear may show myelocytes, metamyelocytes, promyelocytes, and rarely myeloblasts; however, there is a mixture of early mature neutrophil precursors, in contrast to the immature forms typically seen in acute leukemia.
Hair loss (alopecia) can be caused by chemotherapy that kills rapidly dividing cells; other medications may cause hair to thin. These are most often temporary effects: hair usually starts to regrow a few weeks after the last treatment, but sometimes with a change in color, texture, thickness or style.
EBV-positive disease is more common in the plasmacytoma rather than multiple myeloma form of plasma cell cancer. [46] Tissues involved in EBV+ disease typically show foci of EBV+ cells with the appearance of rapidly proliferating immature or poorly differentiated plasma cells. [46] The cells express products of EBV genes such as EBER1 and EBER2 ...
In children under 15 in first-world countries, the five-year survival rate is greater than 60% or even 90%, depending on the type of leukemia. For infants (those diagnosed under the age of 1), the survival rate is around 40%. [13] In children who are cancer-free five years after diagnosis of acute leukemia, the cancer is unlikely to return. [13]
Children's spines contain more cartilage, increasing the effect of spinal deformations caused by the disease. [ citation needed ] Multidrug resistant tuberculosis poses a threat to people with Pott's disease, making it difficult to determine infection in people because of the paucibacillary symptoms of the disease.
The risk factors that influence the extent of cardiac injury caused by anthracyclines include genetic variability, age (low or high age groups), previous treatments with cardiotoxic drugs and history of cardiac diseases. [29] Children are particularly at risk due to the anthracycline activity that can compromise the development of the immature ...