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For instance, the Lo Shu Square – the unique 3 × 3 magic square – is associative, because each pair of opposite points form a line of the square together with the center point, so the sum of the two opposite points equals the sum of a line minus the value of the center point regardless of which two opposite points are chosen. [4]
Bordered magic square when it is a magic square and it remains magic when the rows and columns on the outer edge are removed. They are also called concentric bordered magic squares if removing a border of a square successively gives another smaller bordered magic square. Bordered magic square do not exist for order 4.
The magic constant or magic sum of a magic square is the sum of numbers in any row, column, or diagonal of the magic square. For example, the magic square shown below has a magic constant of 15. For a normal magic square of order n – that is, a magic square which contains the numbers 1, 2, ..., n 2 – the magic constant is = +.
First multiply the quarters by 47, the result 94 is written into the first workspace. Next, multiply cwt 12*47 = (2 + 10)*47 but don't add up the partial results (94, 470) yet. Likewise multiply 23 by 47 yielding (141, 940). The quarters column is totaled and the result placed in the second workspace (a trivial move in this case).
Consequently, all 4 × 4 pandiagonal magic squares that are associative must have duplicate cells. All 4 × 4 pandiagonal magic squares using numbers 1-16 without duplicates are obtained by letting a equal 1; letting b, c, d, and e equal 1, 2, 4, and 8 in some order; and applying some translation.
Latin squares and finite quasigroups are equivalent mathematical objects, although the former has a combinatorial nature while the latter is more algebraic.The listing below will consider the examples of some very small orders, which is the side length of the square, or the number of elements in the equivalent quasigroup.
A magic circle can be derived from one or more magic squares by putting a number at each intersection of a circle and a spoke. Additional spokes can be added by replicating the columns of the magic square. In the example in the figure, the following 4 × 4 most-perfect magic square was copied into the upper part of the magic circle. Each number ...
The first 4-magic square was constructed by Charles Devimeux in 1983 and was a 256-order square. A 4-magic square of order 512 was constructed in May 2001 by André Viricel and Christian Boyer. [1] The first 5-magic square, of order 1024 arrived about one month later, in June 2001 again by Viricel and Boyer. They also presented a smaller 4 ...