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In April–May 1945, Karl Dönitz briefly became President upon the suicide of Hitler (in accordance with Hitler's last will and testament). The Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany of May 1949 created the office of Federal President of the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundespräsident der Bundesrepublik Deutschland).
Franz von Papen, who was chancellor of Germany from 30 May to 17 November 1932, ousted the elected government of the Free State of Prussia in the 1932 Prussian coup d'état, which eliminated one of the last potential bastions of resistance to Hitler's seizure of power. Prussia was led by the Social Democratic Party, was home to the federal ...
Germany was ruled by monarchs from the beginning of division of the Frankish Empire in August 843 to the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in August 1806. [1] [2] [3] During most of 19th century, independent German principalities were organized into various confederations, such as the Confederation of the Rhine dominated by Napoleon (1806-1813) and the German Confederation created by the ...
The SPD, led by Olaf Scholz, emerged the strongest party (25.7%) ahead of CDU/CSU (24.1%), led by Armin Laschet. 8 December Following coalition negotiations between SPD, Greens, and FDP, a traffic light coalition was formed between the three parties, instating the Scholz cabinet with Olaf Scholz (SPD) as Germany's ninth chancellor since 1949.
13 March: Hitler convincingly defeated by Hindenburg in first round of German presidential election. 10 April: Hindenburg re-elected Reichspräsident in run-off election with 53% of the vote. Hitler gains 37% and the Communist candidate Thälmann gains 10.2%. 13 April: The SA and SS are banned by Chancellor Brüning.
3 November: The mutiny of sailors at Kiel marks the start of the German Revolution of 1918–1919 that brought down the German Empire and led to the founding of the Weimar Republic. [7] 8 November: Kurt Eisner proclaims the Free People's State of Bavaria in Munich. King Ludwig III had fled the city the day before. He was the first of the German ...
It transformed Hitler's government into a legal dictatorship and laid the groundwork for his totalitarian regime. Thus empowered, Hitler could begin German rearmament and achieve his aggressive foreign policy aims, which ultimately resulted in World War II. The Reichstag effectively became the rubber stamp parliament that Hitler sought. [26]
This event marked the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of Nazi Germany. [7] Hitler thereupon destroyed all democratic systems and consolidated all power to himself. After the death of president Paul von Hindenburg in 1934, Hitler merged the offices of chancellor and president in his own person and called himself Führer und ...